**The Ongoing Criminalization of Legal Abortion in Mexico**
Despite significant strides in the decriminalization of abortion across Mexico, recent data reveals continued criminal investigations related to the practice. Twenty states have legalized the procedure up to 12 weeks of gestation. However, from January to October 2024, 649 investigations were initiated for abortion-related offenses, averaging over two cases daily. This figure does not specify how many cases implicate men or women as perpetrators.
On November 25, 2024, the State of Mexico became the 20th federal entity to decriminalize abortion, coinciding with the International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women. This change, driven by the majority party and allies, aligns with reforms across the country requiring abortions to occur within the first 12 weeks of pregnancy to avoid criminal charges.
Prior to this, Zacatecas and Chiapas added to the list of states permitting abortion, aligning with prior Supreme Court rulings deeming penalization unconstitutional. Yet, this legislative progress has not been without friction. Significant opposition comes from pro-life organizations staging protests and attempting to disrupt legislative sessions. Legal challenges against these reforms continue, though resulting successes are minimal.
Pro-choice advocates also express dissatisfaction, arguing for more extended decision-making periods up to 24 weeks and better healthcare protocols. A recent case involving a 12-year-old indigenous girl highlights systemic problems. After being denied an abortion locally due to a lack of specialized medical personnel, she underwent the procedure in Mexico City instead.
Despite the legislative changes, many states record a sizable number of investigations into abortion, questioning the enforcement of newly adopted laws. Three states – Mexico City, Nuevo León, and the State of Mexico – account for 60% of these cases. Meanwhile, debates continue in the political sphere regarding total decriminalization.
Earlier in the United States, a contrasting legal shift occurred, with the Supreme Court overturning Roe v. Wade in 2022, allowing states to set their own abortion laws. Notably, California responded by reinforcing state protections for abortion rights.
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**Recent Developments in Mexican Abortion Legislation**
The movement advocating for expanded abortion rights in Mexico persists. California’s model of guaranteed access to reproductive health remains a guiding framework for activists. In contrast, tensions within Mexican states persist, with local courts involved in defining the scope of legal abortion.
In November 2024, the Mexican Congress debated extending abortion rights beyond 12 weeks. The proposal remains tabled, pending further consensus. Some lawmakers campaign for expanding rights, addressing underlying societal needs to legalize abortion comprehensively.
The Catholic Church’s stance has softened, shifting focus towards supporting women emotionally and socially when making reproductive decisions. Meanwhile, activists press on, staging demonstrations and lobbying for policy adjustments to reflect a woman’s right to choose, especially in government healthcare facilities.
The national discourse on abortion continues to evolve, navigating cultural, legal, and social dimensions as Mexico grapples with balancing historical perspectives and progressive legal frameworks.